If the rug sits in a busy area, taking it outside for a good shake or light beating every 1–2 months is a nice habit. Vacuuming is important, but it doesn’t always pull out the deeper dust and grit that sinks into fibres. A proper shake loosens that hidden layer.
For homes with pets, kids or allergy sufferers, you might want to do it even more often, especially after seasons with lots of pollen or dust. Just don’t beat delicate rugs too aggressively; a firm but controlled motion is enough.
Combine this with a thorough vacuum on both sides when you bring the rug back in. You’ll be surprised how much fresher the room feels afterwards. Regular care like this also prolongs the life of the rug and reduces the amount of dust floating around your home.